Batteries are electrochemical devices that convert potent chemical energy into boundless electric power. They achieve this energy transformation through an electrochemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between materials in a circuit.

A battery comprises 3 essential components: The cathode (Negative side), the anode (Positive side), and the electrolyte, which reacts with both sides. The production of batteries involves crafting positive and negative electrodes, a process that encompasses blending, coating, refining, cutting, and assembling the electrodes. Batteries find diverse applications such as storing solar-panel energy, powering vehicle ignition, offering uninterrupted power supply, etc.

The four most used batteries are NMC batteries, LFP batteries, Lead-acid batteries, and Nickel metal hydride batteries. NMC batteries are known for their efficient charging performance even at low temperatures. They are a common choice for electric vehicles due to their ability to handle colder environments while maintaining good charging efficiency. LFP Batteries are renowned for their high longevity and cycle life. They can undergo a large number of charge and discharge cycles without significant capacity and discharge cycles without significant capacity degradation, making them a reliable choice for applications where longevity is a priority. Lead acid batteries are easily recyclable and have been a staple in various industries for decades. The recyclability is a significant advantage in terms of environmental sustainability, and the lead used in these batteries can be efficiently reclaimed and reused. NiMH batteries are notable for their rapid charging capabilities. They can be charged relatively quickly compared to some other battery types, which makes them suitable for applications where fast charging is essential.

Breakthrough in zinc-ion batteries hold the potential to significantly impact the market for lithium-ion batteries, potentially offering a compelling alternative for powering vehicles. Zinc ion batteries represent an emerging technology that aims to address some of the challenges associated with traditional Lithium-ion batteries. Zinc ion batteries offers several advantages that could make them a competitive option in the EV space. These advantages include potentially lower manufacturing costs due to the abundance of zinc, improved safety characteristics, and reduced environmental concerns compared to lithium-ion batteries.

The 3 types of batteries that are predominantly used for a multitude of applications are lithium, lead, and nickel batteries. They are used for applications such as computer chips, electric motors, electric vehicles, and smartphones.